Los instrumentos que se emplean para medir la temperatura radiante media permiten integrar en un valor medio la radiación, generalmente heterogénea, procedente de todos los cuerpos que rodean al sujeto. Esto puede incluir tanto la radiación solar, como la de los objetos y paredes situados alrededor del trabajador en su puesto de trabajo.
Se puede determinar:
– A través de la temperatura radiante plana.
– A partir de la temperatura de globo, la temperatura del aire y la velocidad del aire.
– A partir de la temperatura superficial de los objetos circundantes.
Un aparato para la medición de la temperatura de globo es el termómetro de globo negro, que consiste en una esfera negra, en cuyo centro se coloca el bulbo de un termómetro de mercurio o un termopar o una sonda de resistencia (figura 7.3):
– Diámetro de la esfera: 15 cm.
– La esfera se construye en cobre o aluminio (buenos conductores del calor) y su espesor debe estar comprendido entre 0,005 y 0,2 mm.
– La superficie exterior se pinta de negro mate (absorbe la radiación proveniente de las paredes del recinto).
Las precauciones que hay que tener cuando se mide la temperatura de globo son:
1) Como el tiempo de respuesta del termómetro de globo es de 20 min a 30 min, debe esperarse ese tiempo antes de dar por válida la medición.
2) Debido a su elevado tiempo de respuesta, no se puede utilizar para determinar la temperatura radiante media en ambientes que varían muy rápidamente.
3) Cuando el ambiente no sea homogéneo en altura, será necesario usar tres l termómetros de globo negro, que se colocarán a diferentes alturas, con lo que se calculará tgmed l cabeza), tgmem abdomen) y tgmedl tobillos). Posteriormente, habrá que promediar ponderadamente, de acuerdo a la fórmula:
4) Cuando, por el contrario, el ambiente sea homogéneo, bastará con medir con un solo termómetro de globo colocado a la altura del abdomen.
En el Campus Virtual se incluyen dos procedimientos para determinar la temperatura radiante media, uno a partir de la temperatura radiante plana, y el otro, a partir de la temperatura de globo y la temperatura y velocidad del aire.
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Instrumentos para medir la temperatura radiante media (trm) http://t.co/zzvHYaXyVF
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